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CULTURE SHOCK

Sociologyindex, Sociology Books 2012

'Culture shock' occurs where individuals encounter a new and different culture and experience a major disruption of their normal assumptions about social values and behaviour.

Their old values seem unable to provide guidance in the new situation, yet the new culture seems strange and unacceptable.

'Culture shock' is experienced by individuals who travel to a very different society and discover cultural ideas and practices that differ very much from their own.

'Culture shock' is common among immigrant groups and can sometimes affect whole societies if they are swept up in rapid social change.

The concept of culture shock has been applied to the experiences of aboriginal people following colonial contact.

Understanding the Shock in "Culture Shock." - Schnell, Jim 
"Culture shock" is the expression generally associated with the frustrations that occur when persons have difficulty functioning in a different culture or when persons are exposed to individuals from another culture. Culture shock typically occurs in a 4-stage process that can unfold over varying lengths of time: the honeymoon, crisis, resolution, and stabilization. The honeymoon stage exists during the initial intrigue with a place; the crisis stage occurs when an event or situation becomes a significant obstacle; the resolution stage begins when a means for dealing with the obstacle encountered begins to be developed; and the stabilization stage occurs when the earlier confusion has been resolved and a balanced outlook is achieved. For one instructor who experienced culture shock while teaching in China, an incident with his students and plagiarized materials taught him that plagiarizing research documents is not considered a serious offense in China--he used the incident to explain to his students that writing research papers was done a bit differently in the United States. The key to dealing successfully with culture shock rests with being able to recognize the stages of culture shock as they are being experienced. Once the shock in "culture shock" is understood, it can be changed from a frustrating experience to a learning experience. - eric.ed.gov

Culture shock and the international student ‘offshore’ 
David Pyvis, Curtin University of Technology, Australia
Anne Chapman, University of Western Australia, Australia
Within the context of higher education, it is the international student who travels to another country to study who is typically identified as the subject at risk of culture shock. This paper attempts to go further by suggesting that international students studying in their home country with an overseas institution may also experience culture shock as an effect of this engagement. To support this contention, the paper reports findings of an interpretive case study of a group of masters' degree students in Singapore taught by an Australian university in partnership with a local provider. - jri.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/4/1/23

Culture Shock among Young British Volunteers Working Abroad: Predictors, Risk Factors and Outcome - David Bardwell Mumford, University of Bristol, UK 
This study investigates the factors and circumstances that predict culture shock in young British volunteers working abroad, to identify those at risk to their mental health and of early return home. A new questionnaire to measure culture shock was developed for the study, derived from the literature on culture shock and first-hand reports by volunteers. Three hundred and eighty young British volunteers working in 27 countries completed the questionnaire 3 weeks after arrival. Cultural distance was the strongest predictor of culture shock, accounting for 36% of variance in questionnaire scores, followed by problems at work (14%). Higher culture shock scores at 3 weeks predicted a greater risk of early return home and lower satisfaction with their time abroad.
tps.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/1/73?ck=nck

Second-Language Acquisition, Culture Shock, and Language Stress of Adult Female Latina Students in New York 
Lucia Buttaro, Department of Communications and Performing Arts, City University of New York.
The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the educational, cultural, and linguistic adjustments and experiences encountered by Hispanic adult females in learning English as a second language (ESL) and the relation of these experiences to the variables of language, culture, and education of adult Hispanic females. Adult ESL learners face problems of controlling linguistic rules and of applications in various situations while attempting to deal with the shock of living in a new cultural environment. - jhh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/3/1/21

Sharing culture shock through a collection of experiences
Azeez, B. Kerne, A. Southern, J. Summerfield, B. Aholu, I. Sharmin, E. 
Dept. of Comput. Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA;
Abstract: Culture shock and cultural adaptation are phenomena that international students experience, while crossing boundaries. On their arrival to the U.S., displaced students from the Third World often feel isolated, afraid, inferior, and insecure. Digital collections can serve as a medium for sharing sensations and experiences. They can help overcome the sense of isolation and culture shock, by illustrating to an individual how others have similar experiences. We are building a digital collection to support this exchange of experiences. In collecting experiences, we found that first person ethnographic interviews are more effective as a method for data collection, when they are conducted with a sense of informality. Woezor, a prototype system, was developed to structure and present these collections, using the Greenstone digital libraries software. - ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=1336206

The new culture shock: the manager in the evolving informationsociety
Linstone, H.A., Dept. of Syst. Sci., Portland State Univ., OR;
Abstract: Summary form only given. It is contended that managers, fully immersed in their immediate tasks and deadlines, may only belatedly recognize the profound changes triggered by the world around them. The corporation will have a smaller core, more flexible arrangements with associate contractors and venture activities around the globe, and adaptability to rapid change. Mosaic structures are relapsing multilevel hierarchies. Customization of products (demassification) will coexist with TV-induced global conformity. Information overload and illusory simplification will constitute growing dilemmas. Artificial intelligence and neural networks will be of help, but will also foster an unreal world that can entrap the manager. It is pointed out that one is seeing evidence of the new management thinking: the development of high-reliability or crisis-prepared organizations and the purposeful questioning of dangerously obsolete assumptions embedded in the old corporate culture. More is more can no longer be taken for granted, and traditional probability concepts can no longer be used for the engineering of systems whose failure can have catastrophic consequences. - ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnumber=183738

The Role of the Physical Environment in Culture Shock 
Arza Churchman, Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, International Association for People-Environment Studies 
Michal Mitrani 
The concept of place attachment is examined within the context of a between-country migration situation, that of immigrants from the former Soviet Union to Israel. The study hypothesized that place attachment to Israel would be related to the immigrants motive for migrating to Israel and to the perceived differences between their physical environment in the Soviet Union and in Israel, examined on the city, neighborhood, building, and apartment level. An individual, structured interview was conducted with 60 students from the former Soviet Union studying in Israeli universities. Differences between the two countries were perceived for most of the attributes. The USSR was preferred on 22 attributes, Israel on 6. More important than the number of preferences is the direction of preference. Perceiving the new environment to be different does not necessarily mean that the immigrants will not become attached to that environment. If the preference is for the new over the old, then attachment to the new is more likely. - eab.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/29/1/64

Expatriate culture shock in China: a study in the Beijing hotel industry 
Authors: Kaye, Marianna; Taylor, William G.K.
Abstract: Explores the occurrence of culture shock in the population of expatriate managers working in the joint venture hotels in Beijing, China. In particular, seeks to gauge the importance of a variety of factors that might influence the level of culture shock. Proposes a model which envisages culture shock as determined by situational factors and by the level of inter-cultural sensitivity of an expatriate. In turn, the level of inter-cultural sensitivity is seen as a function of biographical factors and cross cultural training. The findings demonstrate a strong inverse relationship between inter-cultural sensitivity and culture shock. Training before and/or after arrival in China is received by only a small minority of expatriates but is associated with a higher level of inter-cultural sensitivity. Among situational factors, a managerial emphasis on motivating employees is associated with lower culture shock. A surprising finding is the tendency for Asian expatriates to experience greater culture shock for a given level of inter-cultural sensitivity. Outlines implications for personnel policy in selecting expatriate managers. - ingentaconnect.com

The collective culture shock in transition countries - theoretical and empirical implications 
Authors: Feichtinger C.; Fink G.
Abstract: Individual culture shock is a well known and evidenced phenomenon. It describes the psychological and also physical reactions of a person staying abroad. These reactions are the result of confrontation with a foreign culture. According to the authors such reactions also exist on the level of society as a whole. This “collective culture shock” influences management and business relations and causes problems. A theory of the collective culture shock is developed that analyses these problems and provides a framework for solutions. This theory suggests that cultural processes and features in transition countries that are usually attributed to the communist heritage are the result of collective culture shock. - ingentaconnect.com  

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