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Darwinism

Sociology Index, Marxism, Communism, Socialism, Marxism And Darwinism, Darwinism, Sociology Books 2011

Darwinism is the theory that plants and animals have developed, one from
another.

The primitive theory was that all known plants and animals have always been
the same. Scientifically, “All kinds are invariable because the parents transmit
their characteristics to their children.”

There were, however, some peculiarities among plants and animals which
gradually forced a different conception to be entertained. They so nicely let
themselves be arranged into a system which was first set up by the Swedish
scientist Linnaeus.

In this system, the animals are divided into main divisions;
these divisions are divided into classes,
classes are divided into orders,
orders are divided into families,
families are divided into species, and
each species contain a few kinds.

The more similar they are in their characteristics, the nearer they stand
towards each other in this system, and the smaller is the group to which they
belong.

The animals classed as mammalian show the same general characteristics in
their bodily frame. The herbivorous animals, and carnivorous animals, and
monkeys, each of which belongs to a different order, are again differentiated.
Bears, dogs, and cats, all rapacious animals, have much more in common in
bodily form than they have with horses or monkeys.

This conformity is still more obvious when we examine varieties of the same
species; the cat, tiger and lion resemble each other in many respects where
they differ from dogs and bears. When we compare the class of mammals to
other classes, such as birds or fishes, we find greater differences than we find
in the other class.

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