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Embedded Technology

Embedded technology has changed the way we live and use our gadgets.

An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform dedicated functions.

Today, embedded systems are the norm rather than the exception for almost all electronics devices. Embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players.

Household appliances like the microwave ovens and washing machines are including embedded systems to add advanced functionality. Embedded technology is changing the way we live and use our gadgets.

Meta-Programming Techniques for Distributed Real-time and Embedded Systems
Joseph K. Cross, Lockheed Martin Tactical Systems
Douglas C. Schmidt, Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept.- University of California
Abstract: Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) middleware increasingly offers not only functional support for standard interfaces, but also the ability to optimize their resource consumption patterns. For example, a COTS real-time object request broker (ORB) may permit users to configure its server-side thread pooling policies. On one hand, this flexibility makes it possible to use standard functional interfaces in applications where they were not applicable previously. On the other hand, the nonstandard nature of the optimization mechanisms – i.e., the "knobs and dials" – acts against the very product - independence that standardized COTS interfaces are intended to provide.
This paper provides two contributions to the study of mechanisms for reducing the life-cycle costs of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. First, we present a mechanism–called a Quality Connector–that enables applications to specify the qualities of service that they require from their infrastructure, and then manages the operations that optimize the middleware to implement those requirements. Second, we show how Quality Connectors are being applied in practice to allocate communication resources automatically for real-time CORBA event propagation. Although middleware that configures itself in response to quality of service (QoS) requests has been investigated and applied in general-purpose computing contexts, we believe that the present work is among the first to put such capabilities into mission-critical DRE systems with stringent QoS requirements.

Teaching Embedded Systems Using Multiple Microcontrollers
C. Richard G. Helps, David P. Phillips - Electronics Engineering Technology, Brigham Young Univ.
Abstract: Embedded control systems and in particular microcontrollers are used in virtually every electronic system. It is essential that EET students be conversant with this technology. Students
need to have a clear understanding of the diversity of embedded systems. They also need to be familiar with a range of development tools, operating systems and languages.
The characteristics of embedded systems add specific challenges to their development. They necessarily involve both hardware and software, and the software often has real-time constraints.
Their development and debugging therefore require structured design techniques and good understanding of software design principles. Software is frequently developed in C or assembly
code, often without the benefit of sophisticated or even standardized development tools. Data books for these devices are often obscure and good reference books are scarce.
A microcontroller development system has been created for EET students at BYU. The development system forms the "textbook" for a class in embedded real-time systems. Students combine the theory of real-time systems with the practice of microcontroller systems development. They each develop a data acquisition unit using most of the features available in microcontrollers. The unit interfaces to sensors, actuators, LCD displays and serial ports using different microcontroller architectures. The final data acquisition system can then be used for later classes or projects or reprogrammed for other applications.

Effective Algorithms for Partitioned Memory - Hierarchies in Embedded Systems
A Dissertation Presented to the faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science
University of Virginia - by Jason D. Hiser
Abstract: Many architectures today, especially embedded systems, have multiple memory partitions, each with potentially different performance and energy characteristics. To meet the strict
time-to-market requirements of systems containing these chips, compilers require retargetable algorithms for effectively assigning values to the memory partitions. Furthermore,
embedded system designers need a methodology for quickly evaluating the performance of a candidate memory hierarchy on an application without relying on time-consuming
simulation.
This dissertation presents algorithms and techniques to effectively meet these needs.
First, EMBARC is presented. EMBARC is the first algorithm to realize a comprehensive, retargetable algorithm for effective partition assignment of variables in an arbitrary memory
hierarchy. It supports a wide variety of memory models including on-chip SRAMs, multiple layers of caches, and even uncached DRAM partitions. Even though it is designed to
handle a wide range of memory hierarchies, EMBARC is capable of generating partition assignments of similar quality to algorithms designed for specific memory hierarchies. A
large range of benchmarks and memory models is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the EMBARC algorithm. Experiments show optimal or near-optimal results for every
catagory of memory hierarchy tested.
This dissertation also presents MPRES. MPRES is an algorithm to estimate the effectiveness of the memory hierarchy for a given application without requiring time-consuming simulations. To show that MPRES generates accurate performance estimates, MPRES performance estimates are compared to detailed simulation results. Experiments show performance estimations trend the same as values obtained via simulation. Furthermore, MPRES is significantly faster than simulation, requiring two orders of magnitude less time.
Together, MPRES, EMBARC, and their supporting framework provide a comprehensive solution for embedded software designers who must choose a suitable partitioned memory hierarchy and application programers who rely on the compiler to automatically assign variables to memory partitions.

A Survey of Embedded Operating System
Catherine Lingxia Wang, Bo Yao, Yang Yang, Zhengyong Zhu
Abstract: This paper presents a survey of several major embedded operating systems. It analyzes several design issues of embedded operating system, such as architecture, memory management, IPC, process management, network support, and the impact of hardware limitation and application requirement of embedded system.
We analyzed three prevailing embedded operating systems: Windows CE, embedded Linux and QNX.
Finally we gave an overview on the considerations why these decisions are made.
Introduction
Embedded system is application-oriented special computer system which is scalable on both software and hardware. It can satisfy the strict requirement of functionality, reliability, cost, volume, and power consumption of the particular application.
With rapid development of IC design and manufacture, CPUs became cheap. Lots of consumer electronics have embedded CPU and thus became embedded systems. For example, PDAs, cellphones, point-of-sale devices, VCRs, industrial robot control, or even your toasters can be embedded system. There is more and more demand on the embedded system market. Some report expects that the demand on embedded CPUs is 10 times as large as general purpose PC CPUs.
As applications of the embedded systems become more complex, the operating system support and development environment became crucial. In this paper, we mainly analyze three major embedded operating systems, QNX 4 RTOS, Windows CE and embedded Linux. Windows CE and embedded Linux are most widely used embedded operation systems. QNX is a relatively simple one and can fit in some simple applications.

Hall of Fame - Who is Who In Alphabetical Order

Professor Al Davis
Professor & Associate Director
http://www.cs.utah.edu/~ald/
Computer Science Department
University of Utah
APES - Advanced Perceptive Embedded Systems

Prof. Albert M. K. Cheng - http://www2.cs.uh.edu/~acheng/acheng.html
Senior Member, IEEE; Director, Real-Time Systems Laboratory
Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-3010, USA

Professor Alexander G. Dean
http://www.cesr.ncsu.edu/agdean/

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Center for Efficient, Scalable and Reliable Computing
NC State University
Partners Building 1
Campus Box 7256
Raleigh, NC 27695-7256

Office 2403
Phone (919) 513-4021
Alex_Dean@ncsu.edu

Dr. Calton Pu

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~calton/

Professor and John P. Imlay, Jr. Chair in Software
College of Computing, Georgia Tech
Co-Director, Center for Experimental Research in Computer Systems
(CERCS)

Professor Chenyang Lu

Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Washington University in St. Louis

Office: Bryan Hall 504
E-mail: lu (at) cse (dot) wustl (dot) edu

Professor Dave Bakken
http://www.eecs.wsu.edu/~bakken/

Associate Professor of computer science in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington, USA.

Professor David D. Hwang
http://mason.gmu.edu/~dhwang/
Assistant Professor
Electrical and Computer Engineering
George Mason University

Research Interests: Secure embedded systems
Cryptographic hardware and circuits
Digital signal processing architectures for FPGAs/ASICs
VLSI digital systems and circuits

Professor David R. Kaeli
http://www.ece.neu.edu/faculty/kaeli.html

318 Dana Research Center
Phone: (617) 373-5413
Fax: (617) 373-8970
kaeli@ece.neu.edu

Current research topics include: profile-guided compilation, high-ILP microarchitectures, GPGPUs, architectural features for security, IO performance and modeling, power modeling, database systems, branch prediction studies, workload characterization, memory hierarchy design, embedded systems design, digital signal processors and software testing.

Professor Frank Vahid - http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~vahid/ -
Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering
College of Engineering
University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
Associate Director, UC Irvine Center for Embedded Computer Systems

Professor Geoffrey Brown
Professor and Director of Undergraduate Studies

http://www.cs.indiana.edu/~geobrown/
Indiana University, Bloomington IN, 47405 USA
Office phone: 812-855-4207
Department fax: 812-855-4829

Current research involves three primary areas. The first is the development of system software to simplify the configuration, debugging, and management of deeply embedded processors in system on chip (SoC) environments and also in networks of sensors. The second area is the use of model checking tools to specify and verify cross-clock domain protocols such as synchronizers and data communication circuits. The third area is the use of emulation to enable preservation of digital documents. The approach we are taking for embedded system software builds upon the distributed file system model of the Plan 9 and Inferno Operating Systems by treating all system resources as virtual "files". The fundamental advantage of this approach is that it provides a familiar object model while requiring only a very lightweight protocol.

Professor Harry H. Cheng
http://iel.ucdavis.edu/people/cheng.html

Research Interest: Extending C/C++ for ubiquitous computing and embedded scripting, mobile agent based computing, grid computing, script computing, engineering software design, agile manufacturing, intelligent mechatronic and embedded systems, robotics, real-time sensor fusion, sensor network, factory automation, creative design,

Professor Israel Koren
http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/

He is currently a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Previously he held positions with the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Southern California, Los Angeles and the University of California, Santa Barbara. He has been a consultant to several companies including Analog Devices, AMD, Digital Equipment Corp., IBM, Intel, National Semiconductor and Tolerant Systems.

Dr. Koren's current research interests are Fault-Tolerant Systems, VLSI Yield and Reliability, Secure Cryptographic Systems, and Computer Arithmetic. He publishes extensively and has over 200 publications in refereed journals and conferences. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems, the VLSI Design Journal, and the IEEE Computer Architecture Letters.

Professor John A. Stankovic
BP America Professor
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/brochure/profs/stankovic.html

Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering and Applied Science
University of Virginia
151 Engineer's Way, P.O. Box 400740
Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4740

Phone: (434) 982-2275
Fax: (434) 982-2214
Email: stankovic@cs.virginia.edu
Real-time computing, embedded computing, operating systems, wireless sensor networks, and large scale distributed computing.

Jayakanth "JK" Srinivasan - http://esl.mit.edu/html/team.php

Affiliated Research Scientist

Jayakanth "JK" Srinivasan is currently a research engineer with the Lean Aerospace Initiative and an affiliated research scientist with ESL. He holds a bachelors degree in computer engineering, an M.Eng. in Avionics and recently received his S.M. in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT. His research interests are in embedded operating system design, formal V&V techniques, reconfigurable hardware and tool design for mission-critical embedded system development. His free time is fairly distributed between Music, Cooking, Running, Aikibudo and general lazing around.

Professor Jeff Gray, Ph.D.
Associate Professor

University of Alabama at Birmingham
Department of Computer and Information Sciences
126 Campbell Hall
1300 University Blvd
Birmingham, AL 35294

Phone: 205-934-8643 Fax: 205-934-5473 email: gray@cis.uab.edu

Jeff was a research assistant at the Institute for Software Integrated Systems (ISIS), where he worked on the DARPA Program Composition for Embedded Systems (PCES) project.to develop 1) a domain-specific, graphical language that captures the functional design of real-time embedded systems, 2) a weaving process that maps high-level invariant properties and system requirements to design constraints affecting specific program regions, and 3) a generation process that customizes components and composes real-time embedded systems.

Professor Kristina Lundqvist - http://esl.mit.edu/html/team.php

Charles Stark Draper Assistant Professor -

Dr. I. Kristina Lundqvist is currently a Charles Stark Draper Assistant Professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at MIT, where she heads the Embedded Systems Laboratory. Her research interests span several areas related to mission critical embedded systems. Her current activities focus on concurrency theory, resource management in multi-processor environments, partitioning for hardware software co-design, formal verification and embedded system design tools.

Dr. Lundqvist is the software engineering track chair for the Digital Avionics Systems Conference, a program committee member for the International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, a board member of the Ada in Sweden and Ada Europe organizations, and a member of the ACM and IEEE.

Professor Lawrence Chung
Associate Professor
Department of Computer Science
University of Texas at Dallas
http://www.utdallas.edu/research/esc/peoplepages/chung.html
Office Location: EC 4.510
Phone: (972) 883-2178
Fax: (972) 883-2349
E-mail: chung@utdallas.edu
Homepage: http://www.utdallas.edu/~chung/
Dr. Chung is a member of the Requirements Engineering group of the Embedded Software Center.

Professor Liang Cheng, Ph.D.
http://www.cse.lehigh.edu/~cheng/

Assistant Professor, Director, Laboratory Of Networking Group (LONGLAB)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
19 Memorial Drive West, Bethlehem, PA 18015
RCEAS, Lehigh University

Dr. Linden McClure
http://ece.colorado.edu/~mcclurel/index.html

University of Colorado
425 UCB, ECEE 1B55
Boulder, CO 80309-0425

Embedded Systems Lab: Engineering Center, EE 2B37, Phone: (303) 492-4946 - E-mail: Linden.McClure@Colorado.EDU

Professor MAREK ANDRZEJ PERKOWSKI
Professor of Electrical Engineering

http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~mperkows/

Embedded Intelligent Robotics.

Dr. Meikang Qiu

http://www.utdallas.edu/~mxq012100/

Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of New Orleans,
2000 Lakeshore Dr.,
New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.

Professor Michael Beigl
Professor at the Technische Universität Braunschweig from March 1, 2006. He is co-founder and member of the supervisory board of Particle Computer, a award winning spin-off company for Ubicomp technology. His research interests evolve around people at the center of communication and information technology, with specific interest in embedded systems, mobile and ubiquitous networks, novel information appliances and artefacts, human-computer interaction, location models and systems, novel sensor technology and in context awareness. Michael is also strongly involved in Computer Science courses (Informatikstudium).

http://www.teco.edu/~michael/

Prof. Michael Franz

http://www.ics.uci.edu/~franz/

Secure Systems and Software Laboratory
Department of Computer Science
Donald Bren School of Information & Computer Sciences
University of California, Irvine
Irvine, CA 92717-3435

office: CS Building, Suite 444
email: franz@uci.edu

Dr. Michael J. Schulte
Director, Madison Embedded Systems and Architectures Lab ,
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ,
University of Wisconsin-Madison,
3632 Engineering Hall,
1415 Engineering Drive,
Madison, WI 53706.
Phone: (608) 262 0940

http://mesa.ece.wisc.edu/~mesa/index.php

Professor Michael Weeks
Associate Professor, Computer Science Department
College of Arts and Sciences
Georgia State University

Professor Oleg Sokolsky

Curriculum Vitae Updated August 2007

Research Associate Professor office: (215)898-4448

Department of Computer and Information Science fax: (215)898-0587

School of Engineering and Applied Science e-mail: sokolsky@cis.upenn.edu

University of Pennsylvania http: www.cis.upenn.edu/~sokolsky

Philadelphia, PA 19104

Professor Pai H. Chou

Associate Professor

Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science

HSSoE and Center for Embedded Computer Systems

University of California, Irvine

444F Engineering Tower

Irvine, CA 92697-2625 USA

phone (949) UCI-EBAY (824-3229), fax (949) 824-3203

email: phchou @ uci.edu

Professor Pen-Chung Yew
http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~yew/ Email: yew@cs.umn.edu

Phones: (612) 625-7387 (Office) (612) 625-0572 (Fax)

Office: Room 6-225C, EE/CS Building
Address: 4-192 EE/CS Building

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

University of Minnesota at Twin Cities

200 Union Street, SE

Minneapolis, MN 55455

http://www.cs.umn.edu/research/Agassiz

The primary goals of the Agassiz project are to study the architectural, compiler and system software issues for high-performance and low-power computer systems. Those systems include both uniprocessors and multiprocessors.

Processor architectural studies are focused on concurrent, multi-threaded, multi-core architectures that exploit both thread-level and instruction-level parallelism to achieve high performance with reduced power consupmtion. The targeted systems span from large-scale parallel machines to application-specific embedded systems.

Professor Phil Koopman - http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/ -
Associate Professor
Carnegie Mellon University
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)

Professor Raj Rajkumar (aka Ragunathan Rajkumar)

Professor, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, CyLab and Department of Computer Science

Director, Real-time and Multimedia Systems Laboratory

Co-Director, General Motors-CMU Collaborative Research Laboratory

Carnegie Mellon University

Professor Rajeev Barua

http://www.ece.umd.edu/~barua/
Associate Professor
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
and Institute for Systems Research (ISR)
University of Maryland at College Park
Affiliate Professor
Computer Science Department: research interests are in embedded systems, especially compilers and architectures for embedded systems.

Professor RAJESH GUPTA
Professor and QUALCOMM Endowed Chair
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
University of California, San Diego,
EBU3B, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0404
The Microelectronic Embedded Systems Laboratory is led by Professor Rajesh Gupta. Research focus is on both system architecture and design technology. Interested by most aspects of system design for embedded devices and computer systems. Current investigation areas and projects are:

System Architecture:
PADS: Power-Aware Distributed Computation and Communications
COPPER: Power-Aware Computing and Communications
FORGE: Distributed Real Time Embedded Systems
RUNES: Reconfigurable Ubiquitous Networked Embedded Systems
Design Technology:
SPARK: Parallelizing High Level Synthesis Framework
BALBOA: Component Framework for System-On-Chip Modeling
JuliusC: Compiler Optimizations for Divide and Conquer Applications

Fundamental Theory and Algorithms:
LP-RTS: Low Power scheduling in Real-Time Systems

OSDPM: On-line Strategies for Dynamic Power Management

RADHA-RATAN: Performance Modeling and Constraint Analysis for Embedded Systems
TYPES: Type Systems and Abstractions

Dr. Sam Siewert

Professor Adjunct - Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder

Short Vitae

Full Resume

Research: Real-Time Systems Research Page

Personal Info Page

Publications: Conference/Journal Papers and Major Presentations

Professor Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

http://www.mscs.mu.edu/~iq/

Associate Professor,

Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science

Marquette University
1313 W. Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee WI 53233, USA

Email: iq@mscs.mu.edu

Office: Cudahy Hall 386

Phone: 414-288-5222, Fax: 414-288-5472

Director, Ubicomp Research Lab

Professor Thomas A. Henzinger
Ph.D. Stanford University, 1991 Professor
Models and Theory of Computation
Computer and Communication Sciences
EPFL

Mail: EPFL Station 14, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Email: my_three_initials@epfl.ch
Phone: +41 21 693-5234


Professor VIKTOR K. PRASANNA
Charles Lee Powell Chair in Engineering
http://ceng.usc.edu/~prasanna/
Professor of Electrical Engineering
Computer Engineering Division
and Professor of Computer Science

Professor Wayne H Wolf

Professor; Rhesa "Ray" S. Farmer, Jr., Distinguished Chair in Embedded Computing Systems; Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar
Computer Engineering

Phone: 404.894.5933
Fax: 404.385.1746
Office: Klaus 2352A
Email GT&nbspDirectory Entry
http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/esl/whw.html

Selected Publications, Patents

Dr. Wei-Min (Weimin) Shen

Director, Polymorphic Robotics Laboratory
Associate Director, USC Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems
Project Leader, Information Sciences Institute
Research Associate Professor, Computer Science Department

USC Information Sciences Institute
4676 Admiralty Way, Marina del Rey, CA 90292
Email: "shen at isi.edu"
Phone: (310) 448-8710, Fax: (310) 822-0751

Professor Xiao Qin

Assistant Professor of Computer Science

http://www.eng.auburn.edu/~xqin/

Shelby Center for Engineering Technology, Suite 3101E

Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering
Samuel Ginn College of Engineering
Auburn University, AL 36849-5347

Office: 1-334-844-6327

Fax: 1-334-844-6329

Research Interests: Parallel and distributed systems, storage systems, real-time computing, fault tolerance, embedded systems, and performance evaluation.

Professor Yuan Xie
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Pennsylvania State University
354E IST Building, University Park, PA, 16802
(814) 8657496
yuanxie@cse.psu.edu
http://www.cse.psu.edu/~yuanxie/
Professor Yuan Xie received an IBM Faculty Award in May 2008.

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