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New Books On Collective Behavior |
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Sociologyindex |
Sociology Books 2008 |
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The
Wisdom of Crowds : Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes
Business,Economies, Societies and Nations [ABRIDGED] by JAMES SUROWIECKI, ERIK SINGER
(Narrator) - May 25, 2004
From Publishers Weekly While our culture generally trusts
experts and distrusts the wisdom of the masses, New Yorker business columnist Surowiecki
argues that "under the right circumstances, groups are remarkably intelligent, and
are often smarter than the smartest people in them." To support this almost
counterintuitive proposition, Surowiecki explores problems involving cognition (we're all
trying to identify a correct answer), coordination (we need to synchronize our individual
activities with others) and cooperation (we have to act together despite our
self-interest). His rubric, then, covers a range of problems, including driving in
traffic, competing on TV game shows, maximizing stock market performance, voting for
political candidates, navigating busy sidewalks, tracking SARS and designing Internet
search engines like Google. If four basic conditions are met, a crowd's "collective
intelligence" will produce better outcomes than a small group of experts, Surowiecki
says, even if members of the crowd don't know all the facts or choose, individually, to
act irrationally. "Wise crowds" need (1) diversity of opinion; (2) independence
of members from one another; (3) decentralization; and (4) a good method for aggregating
opinions. The diversity brings in different information; independence keeps people from
being swayed by a single opinion leader; people's errors balance each other out; and
including all opinions guarantees that the results are "smarter" than if a
single expert had been in charge. Surowiecki's style is pleasantly informal, a tactical
disguise for what might otherwise be rather dense material. He offers a great introduction
to applied behavioral economics and game theory. Copyright © Reed Business Information, a
division of Reed Elsevier Inc.
From Bookmarks Magazine - Surowiecki first developed his ideas
for Wisdom of Crowds in his Financial Page column of The New Yorker. Many
critics found his premise to be an interesting twist on the long held notion that
Americans generally question the masses and eschew groupthink. A socialist might
draw some optimistic conclusions from all of this, wrote The New York Times.
But Surowieckis framework is decidedly capitalist. Some reviewers felt
that the academic language and business speak decreased the impact of the argument. Still,
its a thought-provoking, timely book: the TV studio audience of Who Wants to Be a
Millionaire guesses correctly 91 percent of the time, compared to experts who
guess only 65 percent correctly. Keep up the good work, comrades. |
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The
Stag Hunt and the Evolution of Social Structure
Brian Skyrms' study of ideas of cooperation and collective action. - December 15, 2003 -
"Rousseau's story of a stag hunt illuminates his vision of the social contract. Brian
Skyrms emulates the master by using the Stag Hunt Game to illustrate his very different
vision. Who would have thought there was so much to learn from such a simple game?"
Ken Binmore, California Institute of Technology
Brian Skyrms' study of ideas of cooperation and collective action explores the
implications of a prototypical story found in Rousseau's A Discourse on Inequality. It is
therein that Rousseau contrasts the pay-off of hunting hare (where the risk of
non-cooperation is small and the reward equally small) against the pay-off of hunting the
stag (where maximum cooperation is required but the reward is much greater.) Thus,
rational agents are pulled in one direction by considerations of risk and in another by
considerations of mutual benefit.

The
Social Mind : Cognitive and Motivational Aspects of Interpersonal Behavior by Joseph P.
Forgas (Editor), Kipling D. Williams (Editor), Ladd Wheeler (Editor) - October 27,
2003
"The editors of this book once again collected some of
social psychology's best researchers, and allowed them to produce an exciting and
wide-ranging collection of chapters that explore how the world within the mind represents,
creates, interacts with, and is influenced by the world without." Daniel Gilbert,
Harvard University "At last here is a volume that provides a compelling answer to the
question of what is `social' about social cognition. The editors have assembled a stellar
cast of social psychology researchers to address this question head-on and the result is
eye-opening and mind-expanding. From intraindividual to interpersonal to group processes,
the consistent message throughout the chapters of the volume is that of the inextricable
connections between human cognition and social behavior. Empirically and conceptually the
contributors to this project make a convincing case that, for human beings, mental life IS
social life." Marilynn B. Brewer, Ohio State University
"...the book makes an important contribution to the field
and will be of particular relevance to researchers in social psychology. I was also rather
surprised at how relevant the book is to practitioners." Contemporary Psychology
Effective social interaction requires sophisticated mental and
motivational strategies. The Social Mind reviews and integrates recent psychological
research on the relationship between people's thoughts and motives--their "social
mind" -- and their interpersonal strategies. The research shows that success in
personal relationships, group behavior and strategic interaction are all significantly
influenced by how individuals interpret and explain the social world around them. The
implications of this research for personal adjustment, organizational effectiveness and
clinical, counseling, and health psychology are also explored.

Introduction
to Collective Behavior and Collective Action
David L. Miller
A thorough and involving treatment of an exciting and rapidly changing area of research!
Over the last half-century, the field of collective behavior and collective action has
generated some of the most innovative research methods in sociology. The second edition of
this volume, now titled Introduction to Collective Behavior and Collective Action,
provides the first systematic
overview of collective action theory and research written at the undergraduate level. It
is also the first to offer a side-by-side presentation of collective behavior and
collective action theories, providing clarity of presentation and aiding in comparison and
discussion of the two perspectives. The author creates an intuitive feel for the subject
matter by using numerous, descriptive narratives that reduce the need for outside
readings. The text covers traditional topics in addition to a strong and detailed
treatment of protest and social movements. It also provides a comprehensive overview of
historical material, various research methods and communication processes are discussed,
including modern computer modeling techniques and the increasing influence of the Internet
and other electronic media.

Social
Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action (Comparative Politics)
by Mario Diani, Doug McAdam (Editors)
For the first time in a single volume, leading social movement
researchers map the full range of applications of network concepts and tools to their
field of inquiry. They illustrate how networks affect individual contributions to
collective action in both democratic and non-democratic organizations; how patterns of
inter-organizational linkages affect the circulation of resources both within movement
milieus and between movement organizations and the political system; how network concepts
and techniques may improve our grasp of the relationship between movements and elites, of
the configuration of alliance and conflict structures, of the clustering of episodes of
contention in protest cycles.Social Movements and Networks casts new light on our
understanding of social movements and cognate social and political processes.
Rational
Herds : Economic Models of Social Learning by Christophe P. Chamley - November 24,
2003 "Christophe Chamley brings the reader to the state of the art in formal modeling
of social learning. His treatment of this burgeoning literature is extraordinarily clear
and comprehensive. This book, by an author who has himself made major contributions to the
subject, is destined to become a standard reference in the area." Sushil
Bikhchandani, UCLA "Over the past decade there has been an explosion of interest in
the field of social learning. Far from being a fad, this field is developing into one of
the richest areas of economic research, with an ever-growing list of applications.
Christophe Chamley has made profound contributions to the growth of the field, and
presents us now with the definitive guide. His book is essential reading not only for
graduate students, but also for current researchers trying to stay abreast of new
findings. It helps us understand not only where the literature came from, but also where
it is going." Andrew Caplin, New York University "This book is a notable
achievement. It is ambitious in scope, and provides substantive understanding of how
different models in the area work. It offers a deep understanding of the range of validity
of different conclusions in the literature and the relations between different possible
model results. The general economist will find a rigorous and lucid in-depth introduction
to the field.
Even experts in the field will find here many challenges as
well as enlightenment. Chamley's book promises to be the key reference on rational models
of social learning in economics for some time to come." David Hirshleifer, Ohio State
University "Chamley has chosen a topic of great interest to all academics in the
social sciences. The tendency of human beings to conformity intrigues social psychologists
and anthropologists, and the implications of mass behavior are important in politics,
economics, and finance. Chamley fully understands this material and conveys it clearly in
this book." Peter Norman Sorensen, University of Copenhagen Social learning involves
individuals learning from the behavior of others and may lead to spectacular outcomes such
as herding, fads, frenzies, crashes, and booms. Providing a synthesis of the theoretical
literature of the last ten years, Christophe Chamley demonstrates how these pathologies
may occur in a society of rational individuals. His book provides informal as well as
technical analyses for readers interested in social behavior, and more advanced
researchers in economics, finance, and other social sciences. A key feature is the
inclusion of exercises in each chapter, with proofs written out for students.

Collective
Behavior
David A. Locher - Edition 2001
Employing a relaxed, readable writing style, David Locher illustrates all the major
sociological perspectives and theories of collective behavior and classical social
movements. The book provides a comprehensive and balanced examination of the field and
provides recent examples that encourage readers to evaluate different perspectives and
think for themselves. Addresses the
study of collective behavior, theory, categories of collective behavior, an analysis of
modern episodes of collective behavior and social movements. For those curious about
collective behavior.
Employing a relaxed, readable writing style, David Locher illustrates all the major
sociological perspectives and theories of collective behavior and classical social
movements. The book provides a comprehensive and balanced examination of the field and
provides recent examples that encourage readers to evaluate different perspectives and
think for themselves. Addresses the
study of collective behavior, theory, categories of collective behavior, an analysis of
modern episodes of collective behavior and social movements. For those curious about
collective behavior.

Collective
Violence
Steven E. Barkan, Lynne L. Snowden
Cults, terrorists, genocide, rebellion : these words scream at us daily from various media
sources, but they represent group behavior which few people understand or can respond to
effectively. Collective Violence discusses and analyzes this behavior through the eyes of
social change researchers and theorists. This book defines a new subfield in the study of
collective behavior and social movements, focusing on the characteristics, history, and
structure of violent groups.
Collective Violence teaches readers how to understand violent group behavior on the only
level at which it can be controlled, at the group level. Rather than focusing on the
social conditions that may lead to violence or the characteristics of individuals who
might join these groups, this book looks at the actual signposts that might be used to
predict whether or not a group of activists or a local community grass-roots movement is
likely to use violence to achieve its goals. The book is divided into four major sections,
with an introductory and concluding chapter. Each of the topical chapters will include
examples of the behavior, theories which attempt to explain the behavior, and the methods
which institutions and their agents use to control the violence.
Some solutions come from within a society as a result of seemingly spontaneous creativity,
while others are consciously pursued by organized groups. The authors contend that these
violent behaviors do not spring from madness, perversion, or intentional
criminality; they begin in the roots of everyday life and mundane issues; and the people
who commit these deeds are normal people who become convinced that a time for taking
matters into their own hands has come.
For anyone interested in the sociology of group behavior, society, and criminal justice.
Cults, terrorists, genocide, rebellion : these words scream at us daily from various media
sources, but they represent group behavior which few people understand or can respond to
effectively. Collective Violence discusses and analyzes this behavior through the eyes of
social change researchers and theorists. This book defines a new subfield in the study of
collective behavior and social movements, focusing on the characteristics, history, and
structure of violent groups. Collective Violence teaches readers how to understand violent
group behavior on the only level at which it can be controlled, at the group level. Rather
than focusing on the social conditions that may lead to violence or the characteristics of
individuals who might join these groups, this book looks at the actual signposts that
might be used to predict whether or not a group of activists or a local community
grass-roots movement is likely to use violence to achieve its goals. The book is divided
into four major sections, with an introductory and concluding chapter. Each of the topical
chapters will include examples of the behavior, theories which attempt
to explain the behavior, and the methods which institutions and their agents use to
control the violence. Some solutions come from within a society as a result of seemingly
spontaneous creativity, while others are consciously pursued by organized groups.
The authors contend that these violent behaviors do not spring from madness, perversion,
or intentional criminality; they begin in the roots of everyday life and mundane issues;
and the people who commit these deeds are normal people who become convinced that a time
for taking matters into their own hands has come. For anyone interested in the sociology
of group behavior, society, and criminal justice.
Theories of collective behavior and classical social movements
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