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PUBLIC HEALTH MODEL
Sociologyindex, Sociology Books 2012, crime control model, public health model, due process model
Unlike a ‘crime control model’ which focuses on punishment
or moralizing with the offender, a public health model looks at particular kinds of crime
(often drug abuse, prostitution, youth violence) as public health issues.
A public health officer takes a very different
view of crime than does a police constable. The public health model encourages us to think
of ways to stop the spread of drug abuse or violence, for example, or how to prevent drug
abusers from harming themselves or spreading infection to the community, or on initiating
education programs in schools to teach young people how to recognize the possible onset of
violence, how to prevent it, who to call if violence is experienced, etc.
Implications of Public Health for Policy on Sexual
Violence, KATHLEEN C. BASILE
Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA
In the last ten years, researchers and practitioners have written about why sexual
violence in particular should be viewed as a public health issue, and the importance of
prevention of sexual violence. However, little has been written about how to accomplish
this. In this paper I describe steps that could be taken using the public health approach
to better achieve prevention of sexual violence. Most research and prevention related to
sexual violence have focused on the individual and relationship levels. The paper
concludes with some examples of potential preventive measures and policies consistent with
a public health model. - annalsnyas.org/cgi/content/abstract/989/1/446
Youth gambling: A public health perspective
Carmen Messerlian & Jeffrey L. Derevensky, McGill
Abstract: Over the last decade research in the area of youth gambling has led to a better
understanding of the risk factors, trajectories and problems associated with this
behaviour. At the same time, governments have begun to recognize the importance of youth
gambling and have offered to support research and treatment programs. Yet, public health
and prevention in the realm of youth gambling has only recently drawn the attention of
researchers and health professionals. Early work by Korn and Shaffer (1999) set the
groundwork for a public health approach to gambling. This paper attempts to apply health
promotion theory to youth gambling and describes a conceptual framework and model.
Strategies focus on addressing risk and protective factors through community mobilization,
health communication, and policy development. . - camh.net
Evaluation of Error in Medicine
Application of a Public Health Model
Karen J. Brasel, MD, MPH, Peter M. Layde, MD, MSc and Stephen Hargarten, MD, MPH
From the Departments of Surgery (KJB), Family and Community Medicine (PML), and Emergency
Medicine (SH), Wisconsin Injury Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee,
WI. e-mail: kbrasel@mcw.edu
ABSTRACT: A case of a chest tube placed on the wrong side during a trauma resuscitation in
the emergency department is presented as an example of medical injury. Two traditional
models, the legal model and the managerial model, are described and their application to
medical injury discussed. A new public health model is then applied to the case example as
a more effective way to address medical injury. The public health model addresses the
injury event rather than the error itself using Haddon's matrix as a framework. Pre-event,
event, and post-event phases are examined to find the weakest link, where intervention has
the highest likelihood of successfully preventing future injuries. -
aemj.org/cgi/content/abstract/7/11/1298
The EUHPID Health Development Model for the classification of public health
indicators
Georg Bauer, John Kenneth Davies, Juergen Pelikan
The European Community Health Promotion Indicator Development Model has been developed as
the basis for establishing a European set of indicators for monitoring health promotion
interventions. This paper offers the model more generally as a common frame of reference
for broader public health practice and indicator development. The model builds around the
physical, mental and social health of individuals and shows how health develops by
interaction between individual and environmental health determinants. It demonstrates that
health development can be analysed from a salutogenic and a pathogenic perspective and
explains how the differing starting points of different intervention approaches such as
health promotion and health care are related to these two perspectives. Finally, a
classification system for pathogenic and salutogenic public health outcome indicators is
derived from the model and has been applied to the current core list of the European
Community Health Indicator system. The model and its application highlight the need for
systematic salutogenic indicator development in the field of public health and for
strengthening the health promotion perspective in the future. -
heapro.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/153
‘Bullets as bacteria’
Television news magazines’ use of the public health model for reporting
violence
Renita Coleman, Louisiana State University, rcoleman@lsu.edu
David D. Perlmutter, Louisiana State University, dperlmu@lsu.edu
Surveys of mass media content related to social violence suggest that it generally focuses
on the individual, atomistic ‘act’ (e.g. the bang-bang car chase) rather than
issues of cause and prevention. Yet, increasingly - but with controversy - doctors, health
officials and activists have pushed for a ‘public health’ model of reporting
news about crime and violence that looks at interactions between the victim, the agent of
injury or death, and the environment in which the injury or death took place rather than
viewing it in strictly individual terms. In this study of television news-magazine
stories, we found a strong emphasis on episodic and personal stories, with minor allusions
to greater social issues. The emphasis on entertainment seemed to negate any promised
‘public health’ angles. We conclude that the challenge for the public health
model is to find ‘scripts’ that journalists deem to be publicly consumable and
ratings friendly. - jou.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/6/1/24
A public health model of the social determinants of health. Ansari Z, Carson NJ,
Ackland MJ, Vaughan L, Serraglio A.
Health Surveillance and Evaluation Section, Public Health Group (PHG), Department of Human
Services (DHS), Melbourne. zahid.ansari@dhs.vic.gov.au
As we move forward in the new century, epidemiologists and public health practitioners are
faced with the challenge of reviewing the current direction of epidemiology and its links
with public health. While the history of epidemiology has been a successful and productive
one, there is a danger that modern epidemiology is becoming too narrow in its scope,
concerned primarily with the analysis of risk factors in individuals, while ignoring
sociological and ecological perspectives of health. We argue that a theoretical framework
to guide the practice of epidemiology is needed which encompasses a role for social
determinants of health while simultaneously also acknowledging the importance of behaviour
and biology, and the inter-connectedness of all these factors. This paper presents a
public health model of social determinants of health, which provides a framework for
testing the causal pathways linking social determinant variables with health care system
attributes, disease inducing behaviours and health outcomes. This approach provides an
improved opportunity to identify and evaluate evidence-based public health interventions,
and facilitates stronger links between modern epidemiology and public health practice. -
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Reconsidering the public health failings of the criminal justice system: a reflection
on the case of Scott Ortiz
Thomas Kerr
Abstract: Throughout most of the world, the primary response to the health and social
impacts of illicit drug use has been to intensify the enforcement of drug laws. The
consequences of this policy approach include an unprecedented growth in prison populations
and increasing concerns regarding drug-related harms within prisons and without, including
increased risk of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) infection. This has led to calls from public
health and prisoner advocacy groups to prison authorities to improve health services
available in the community and those available to prisoners. While considerable progress
has been made with respect to the growing implementation of HIV and HCV prevention
measures within some nations' prisons, the case of Scott Ortiz illuminates a new set of
challenges for prisoners and their advocates as judges often have a faulty understanding
of public health arguments and data. In this case we see one such instance where a judge
acts in ways not rooted in sound public health evidence or practice to produce a perverse
outcome that violates both sound medical and judicial objectives. -
harmreductionjournal.com/content/3/1/25
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