Right Libertarianism

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"Right-libertarianism" holds that unappropriated natural resources may be appropriated by individuals.

Libertarianism is a term used by political philosophies which seek to promote individual liberty and seek to minimize or abolish the state.

“left-libertarianism” endorses full self-ownership, but differs on unappropriated natural resources.

Whereas "Right-libertarianism" holds that unappropriated natural resources may be appropriated by individuals, "Left-libertarianism" holds that unappropriated natural resources belong to everyone and must be distributed in some egalitarian manner.

Leonard Read rejected the concepts of "left" and "right" libertarianism, calling them "authoritarian."

Libertarian socialism is often used as a synonym for non-individualist anarchism or socialist anarchism, to dilineate it from individualist libertarianism.

People who do not use "libertarianism" as a synonym for anarchism but use it to refer to individualistic free-market philosophy only, refer to free-market anarchism as "libertarian anarchism."

Libertarianism is also synonymous with classical liberalism.

The word libertarian is an antonym of authoritarian. Till recently the term "libertarianism" was often used as a synonym for anarchism.

Anarchism is political philosophy where society has no government, laws, or other authority, except a free association of all its members. Anarchism also considers government and hierarchical forms of social organization to be unnecessary and undesirable.

Anarchism is anti-authoritarian interpretations of communism, collectivism, syndicalism or participatory economics. Anarchism is therefore considered to be a radical left-wing ideology.

Anarchism derives from the Greek anarchos, meaning "without rulers", from the prefix an-, "without"+ archê, "sovereignty or magistracy".

The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
As a continuation of the older tradition of classical liberalism, libertarian thinking draws on a rich body of thought and scholarship. Contemporary libertarian scholars are continuing that tradition by making substantial contributions to such fields as philosophy, jurisprudence, economics, evolutionary psychology, political theory, and history, in both academia and politics. With more than 300 A-to-Z signed entries written by top scholars, The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism is purposed to be a useful compilation of and introduction to libertarian scholarship. The Encyclopedia starts with an introductory essay offering an extensive historical and thematic overview of key thinkers, events, and publications in the development of libertarian thought. The Reader’s Guide groups content for researchers and students alike, allowing them to study libertarianism topically, biographically, and by public policy issues.
Key Features
Entries conclude with bibliographies and references for further reading and cross-references to related entries.
Each entry provides an introduction to a topic or policy question relevant to libertarianism or a biography of a person who has had an impact on libertarianism.
Editors take special care to ensure entries clearly explain libertarian approaches to issues, do not take sides on disputed matters or engage in polemics, and represent the views of all sides fairly and accurately.
Ronald Hamowy is a Fellow in Social Thought at the Cato Institute. He is professor of history emeritus at the University of Alberta and previously was assistant director of the History of Western Civilization Program at Stanford University. He received his Ph.D. in social thought under F. A. Hayek at the University of Chicago. He is the author of books on the Scottish Enlightenment and on health care and the editor of a book on drug prohibition and the Liberty Press edition of Cato’s Letters. He is a member of the Mont Pelerin Society, an international society of scholars founded in 1947 by Hayek, Friedman, and other luminaries of the libertarian movement.

Libertarianism: A Primer
Libertarianism used to be just a topic at your high school Government Club. But since all those Ayn Rand-niks are now in Congress, it's become a bigger deal. This book is an admirably clear exposition of the position--defined by David Boaz as "the view that each person has the right to live his life in any way he chooses so long as he respects the equal rights of others"

Libertarianism: A Political Philosophy for Tomorrow
“For many decades, news reports on the intellectual activities of the younger generation have been confined almost exclusively to advocates of statism and collectivism. Only recently [in 1971] have there appeared the first acknowledgements, in the newspapers, of a rising interest among the younger generation in political philosophy that stands in radical contrast to this authoritarian trend: Libertarianism.”
“Now, Professor John Hospers, [former] Director of the School of Philosophy of the University of Southern California, has given us, in the latest book, a clear statement of the central political-economic of this young intellectual movement. The book is offered, not as an original work of philosophy, but rather as an attempt to delineate the major positions on which most Libertarians would agree—and to answer many of the objections and questions with which Libertarians have to contend.”
“Libertarianism is very simply and clearly written and requires no technical knowledge on the part of the reader. Enjoyable, informative reading.”
-Nathaniel Branden, author of The Psychology of Self Esteem and The Disowned Self
“A most informative and provocative up-to-date exposition of an historic political-economic doctrine that has been having a rebirth, in a new and more sophisticated formulation, in recent years.”
-Martin E. Lean, Professor and Chairman of the Department of Philosophy at Brooklyn College, of the City University of New York
“In days to come, when Libertarianism is accepted as one of the major political philosophies, and perhaps the prevailing one, Professor Hospers will be remembered as one of its founding fathers. His magnificent work offers a true intellectual foundation for all those who profess to be advocates of, or objective about, personal, political, and economic freedom.”
-Robert D. Kephart, Publisher of Human Events
As co-founder of the national Libertarian Party and as the author of the exceptionally readable book Libertarianism and numerous articles on liberty and politics, Dr. Hospers became the Libertarian Party’s first candidate for President of the United States in 1972, garnering an electoral vote in that election.

Libertarianism Defended
Ever since the publication in 1974 of Robert Nozick's 'Anarchy, State and Utopia', libertarianism has been much discussed within political philosophy, science and economy circles. Yet libertarianism has been so strongly identified with Nozick's version of it that little attention has been devoted to other than Nozick's ideas and arguments. While Nozick's version of libertarianism has preoccupied the academic discussion Nozick himself has not responded to the many criticisms raised and yet other defenders of libertarianism have not remained silent. Jan Narveson, Loren Lomasky, Eric Mack, Douglas Rasmussen, Douglas Den Uyl and many others have contributed many impressive arguments of their own in support of the libertarian idea that a political system is just when it successfully secures the rights of individuals understood within the Lockean classical liberal tradition. In this book, Tibor R. Machan analyses the state-of-the-debate on libertarianism post Nozick. Going far beyond, the often cursory treatment of libertarianism in major books and other publications, he examines closely the alternative non-Nozickian defenses of libertarianism that have been advanced and, by applying these arguments to innumerable policy areas in the field, Machan achieves a new visibility and prominence for libertarianism.

Real Libertarianism Assessed: Political Theory after Van Parijs
Philippe Van Parijs's Real Freedom for All is widely acclaimed for providing not only the most sophisticated defense of unconditional basic income, but also a rigorous examination of many central issues within contemporary political theory. This collection, including a response by Van Parijs, provides a comprehensive assessment of his "real libertarian" vision of radical social change. The contributors include Richard Arneson, Brian Barry, Thomas Christiano, John Cunliffe, Guido Erreygers, Hillel Steiner, Peter Vallentyne, Robert van der Veen, and Stuart White.

Liberatio - Hedonistic Libertarianism
Welcome to a brave new world!
It has been the job of every government known to man to manipulate and program its citizens to be obedient, mindless robots, ready to live and die for the state at any cost. Patriotism is the motto when the state and the collective mind are one and no brain cell is wasted on critical thinking. Liberatio is a manifesto for the dawn of a new age, where governmental oppression is replaced by freethinking, where a herd mentality and conformity are replaced by individualism, and where submission to authority is replaced by personal strength. This book unapologetically lashes out at all governmental and religious establishments that cripple individual freedom. Nothing is holy and everything is questioned in this anti-government, anti-totalitarian, anti-tax, anti-military, anti-police, anti-religion, anti-war, anti-work, anti-school, anti-conformity, anti-submission, anti-nationalistic, anti-patriotic, pro-drugs, pro-prostitution, pro-libertarian, pro-hedonism, pro-individual manifesto that will open the eyes of those who have served as slaves for too long and who are in desperate need of an awakening. It is time to reclaim your own mind...
Jason Licht, the author of Liberatio, is a die hard Libertarian, Individualist, Hedonist, and Atheist. With this book he aims to enlighten the world about the corruption and hypocrisy of governments and religions alike.

The Origins of Left-Libertarianism: An Anthology of Historical Writings
Important discussions of the philosophical foundations of left-libertarianism. Like the more familiar right-libertarianism (such as that of Nozick), left-libertarianism holds that agents own themselves (and thus owe no service the others expect as the result of voluntary action). Unlike right-libertarianism, however, left-libertarianism holds that natural resources are owned by the members of society in some egalitarian manner, and may be appropriated only with their permission, or with a significant payment to them.
This book contains the historically most important discussions of the philosophical foundations of left-libertarianism. Like the more familiar right-libertarianism, left-libertarianism holds that agents own themselves, but unlike right-libertarianism, left-libertarianism holds that natural resources are owned by the members of society in some egalitarian manner.

Left-Libertarianism and Its Critics: The Contemporary Debate
This book contains a collection of important recent writing on left-liberalism, a political philosophy that recognizes both strong liberty rights and strong demands for material equality. Essays from leading comtemporary political philosophers such as Nozick, Van Parijs and Kymlica are included in this volume.