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SELF-REPORT STUDIES

Sociologyindex, Sociology Books 2012

Self-report study is a method for measuring crime involving the distribution of a detailed questionnaire to a sample of people, asking them whether they have committed a crime in a particular period of time.

Self-report study has been a good method for criminologists to determine the social characteristics of ‘offenders’.

Self report studies involve confidential questionnaires that invite the respondents to record voluntarily whether or not they have committed any of the listed offences.

Herman and Julia Schwendinger introduce their book, Adolescent Subcultures and Delinquency as follows:
"There is a theoretical crisis in criminology. It began when self-report questionnaire studies uncovered an unexpected amount of middle-class delinquency. These studies, as Empey (1982:118) later observed, "hit like a bombshell." They indicated that delinquency cuts across class lines to a greater degree than police statistics suggest. The self-report studies therefore contradicted theories explaining delinquency on the basis of lower-class conditions. They also lent credence to Tittle and Villemez's (1977) extraordinary claim that social-class relationships have nothing to do with criminal behavior. The debate over the selfreport studies has reached an intensity unprecedented in theoretical criminology." (1985, p.xi)

Negative affectivity: how serious a threat to self-report studies of psychological distress? Brennan RT, Barnett RC. 
Harvard Graduate School of Education, Department of Administration, Planning and Social Policy,
Womens Health. 1998 Winter;4(4):369-83.
Serious questions have been raised about the common practice of relying on self-report measures to assess the relation between subjective role experiences on the one hand and both mental and physical health symptoms on the other. Such self-report measures may reflect a common underlying dimension of negative affectivity (NA), thereby leading to spurious results. In this article, we present findings from analyses in which we estimate, using a hierarchical linear model, the relation between subjective experiences in job and marital roles and self-reports of symptoms of psychological distress after controlling for NA in a sample of 300 full-time employed men and women in married couples. Results demonstrate (a) that NA can account for a great deal of the variation in self-reported psychological distress, as much as half in the case of the men in the sample; (b) that estimates of the relations between a self-reported predictor of social-role quality (e.g., marital-role quality, job-role quality) may be biased by failure to include NA as a predictor of self-reported psychological distress; (c) that the degree of bias in these estimates is dependent on the nature of the predictor, and (d) that the role of NA as a confounder does not appear to be dependent on gender. - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Juvenile Crime and Sanctions in the Netherlands 
Karin Wittebrood, Social and Cultural Planning Office, The Netherlands. -  Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, Vol. 19, No. 4, 435-453 (2003) © 2003 SAGE Publications
Trends in juvenile crime in the Netherlands are described using police statistics and self-report studies. A sharp rise in juvenile crime is suggested by the police statistics, while the self-report studies reveal a more stable picture. Attention has been paid to explanations of this discrepancy. Furthermore, an overview is given of the penal interventions applied in the Netherlands and the number of young people affected by them. The article ends by looking at how juvenile crime is tackled in practice. - ccj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/4/435

Sex Differences in Self-Report Delinquency
RACHELLE J. CANTER, Behavioral Research Institute
Criminology, Volume 20 Issue 3-4 Page 373 - November 1982 
ABSTRACT: This study describes the distribution, nature, pattern, and magnitude of sex differences in self-report delinquency. A national probability sample of 1725 youths, ages 11-17, was interviewed using a comprehensive measure of self-report delinquency including serious and violent crimes. Major findings include (1) small but consistent sex differences in numerous delinquent behaviors and in most types of delinquent behavior due to higher offense frequencies of males and greater numbers of male offenders, (2) generally similar patterns of male and female delinquency (r = .82), (3) sex differences in the proportion of high-frequency offenders, (4) few interaction effects of sex with other demographic variables, and (5) stable sex differences in certain delinquent acts across a decade. - blackwell-synergy.com

CRIME AND PERSONALITY REVISITED
Effects of MMPI Response Sets in Self-Report Studies
SPENCER A. RA THUS, New Mexico State University, LARRY J. SIEGEL, University of Nebraska
Abstract: The present study explored the effects of MMPI response sets on relatonships between crime and personality in self-report studies. The MMPI-168 and a 21-item delinquent behavior questionnaire were administered to 1680 high school students. The Psychopathic Deviate, Schizophrenia, and Hypomania scales of the MMPI-168 were correlated with delinquent behaviors, with and without control for the L, F, and K scales of the MMPI-168, considered separately and simultaneously. Controlling for F eliminated some relationships and significantly diminished the magnitude of others, while control for L and K had no significant effect. Studies of this nature that fail to control for the F type of response set may produee largely illusory results. - blackwell-synergy.com

Disparities in preventive procedures: comparisons of self-report and Medicare claims data
Kevin Fiscella, Kathleen Holt, Sean Meldrum, Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
Peter Franks, Center for Health Serv Res in Primary Care, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
BMC Health Services Research 2006, 6:122 doi:10.1186/1472-6963-6-122
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/6/122
Abstract: Background: Racial/ethnic disparities are assessed using either self-report or claims data. We compared these two data sources and examined contributors to discrepancies in estimates of disparities.
Methods: We analyzed self-report and matching claims data from Medicare Beneficiaries 65 and older who participated in the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 1999–2002. Six preventive procedures were included: PSA testing, influenza vaccination, Pap smear testing, cholesterol testing, mammography, and colorectal cancer testing. We examined predictors of self-reports in the absence of claims and claims in the absence of self-reports.
Results: With the exception of PSA testing, racial/ethnic disparities in preventive procedures are generally larger when using Medicare claims than when using patients' self-report. Analyses adjusting for age, gender, income, educational level, health status, proxy response and supplemental insurance showed that minorities were more likely to self-report preventive procedures in the absence of claims. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.07 (95% CI: 0.88 – 1.30) for PSA testing to 1.83 (95% CI: 1.46 – 2.30) for Pap smear testing. Rates of claims in the absence of self-report were low. Minorities were more likely to have PSA test claims in the absence of self-reports (1.55 95% CI: 1.17 – 2.06), but were less likely to have influenza vaccination claims in the absence of self-reports (0.69 95% CI: 0.51 – 0.93).
Conclusion: These findings are consistent with either racial/ethnic reporting biases in receipt of preventive procedures or less efficient Medicare billing among providers with large minority practices. - biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/6/122

VANDALISM AND SELF-REPORT STUDIES - A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 
M STACE 
Corporate Author: Victoria University of Wellington, Institute of Criminology, New Zealand 
THIS PAPER REVIEWS THE LITERATURE DEALING WITH BOTH VANDALISM AND SELF-REPORT STUDIES IN NEW ZEALAND. 
Abstract: THE FIRST PART OF THE PAPER REVIEWS LITERATURE SINCE 1954 ON VANDALISM IN NEW ZEALAND; THE SECOND PART REVIEWS THE LITERATURE ON SELF-REPORT STUDIES. VANDALISM IS DEFINED AS THE WILLFUL AND MALICIOUS DESTRUCTION OF SOMEONE ELSE'S PROPERTY. FROM 1962 TO 1976 THERE WAS A 165 PERCENT INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF INCIDENTS OF WILLFUL DAMAGE REPORTED TO THE NEW ZEALAND POLICE. THREE MAJOR THEMES ARE FOUND IN THE LITERATURE FROM 1954 TO 1970 CONCERNING VANDALISM: (1) LITTLE CONSIDERATION IS GIVEN TO THE DEFINITION OF VANDALISM, (2) THE BEHAVIOR IS PURPOSELESS, AND (3) THE MOTIVE FOR VANDALISM IS PATHOLOGICAL. LITERATURE FROM 1970 TO 1978 DISCUSSES THE MOTIVATIONS FOR VANDALISM AS RANGING FROM COMMITTING AN OVERT POLITICAL ACT TO DOING AN ACT WITHOUT A DESIRE TO HURT OR HARM. THE ISSUE OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IN THWARTING OR ENCOURAGING VANDALISM ALSO IS EXAMINED. POLICIES DESIGNED TO DEAL WITH VANDALISM MUST BE CONCERNED WITH BROADER SOCIAL ISSUES. THERE ARE THREE MAIN ASPECTS OF CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY WHICH SELF-REPORT STUDIES MAY HELP TO CLARIFY: (1) QUANTITY--THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE IN THE TOTAL POPULATION WHO HAVE COMMITTED VARIOUS OFFENSES AND HOW OFTEN THEY HAVE DONE SO, (2) REMOVAL OF THE DICHOTOMY BETWEEN THE INNOCENT AND THE CRIMINAL--ALL PEOPLE ARE PLACED ON A CONTINUUM FROM COMPLETELY INNOCENT TO COMPLETELY OFFENDING, AND (3) A COMPARISON TO DETECT SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THOSE WHO ARE APPREHENDED AND THOSE WHO ARE NOT. THE TWO MOST FREQUENT METHODS EMPLOYED HAVE BEEN THE CONFIDENTIAL QUESTIONNAIRE AND THE INTERVIEW. VARIOUS METHODS USED TO CHECK RESPONSE VALIDITY INDICATE THAT SELF-REPORTS ARE GENERALLY VALID. SELF-REPORT STUDIES HAVE OFTEN BEEN USED ON MINORS, BUT FUTURE EFFORTS COULD BE DIRECTED TOWARD WHITE-COLLAR CRIME. THE STUDIES REVEAL THAT CRIMINAL ACTS ARE COMMITTED BY MANY, AND THAT AN ACCURATE REFLECTION OF DEVIANT ACTIVITY IN SOCIETY DICTATES A CONTINUUM OF ACTIVITY FROM COMPLETELY INNOCENT TO COMPLETELY CRIMINALLY ORIENTED. REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED. - ncjrs.gov/app/publications/Abstract.aspx?id=60864

TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF SELF-REPORTED JUVENILE DELINQUENCY IN FINLAND - Janne Kivivuori (ed.) SUMMARY National Research Institute Publication no. 188 of Legal Policy Helsinki 2002
The report includes chapters by five authors. All contributions are based on self-report surveys of juvenile delinquency. Chapters 2–4 are based on the fourth sweep (2001) of the Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Study (FSRD). The previous sweeps were carried out in 1995, 1996 and 1998. The FSRD indicator system targets ninth-grade (15–16-year-old) students in Finnish-language schools. Chapters 5 and 6 utilize local self-report studies conducted in the cities of Helsinki and Turku. 
Methods of measuring crime Janne Kivivuori: This introductory chapter examines the problem of undetected crime, which makes official statistics an inadequate source of information about the extent and patterns of delinquency. Critical analysis of official statistics, experimental designs, proxy reports, victim reports and selfreports are briefly discussed as options to overcome the problem of undetected crime. - optula.om.fi/uploads/b8bp1c8tpydjb18.pdf

Male and female differences in self-report cheating 
James A Athanasou, University of Technology, Sydney 
Olabisi Olasehinde, University of Ilorin – Nigeria 
Cheating is an important area for educational research, not only because it reduces the consequential validity of assessment results, but also because it is anathema to widely held public principles of equity and truthfulness (see Cizek, 1999 for a comprehensive review of the topic). Moreover, modern education is centred on numerous situations that really depend upon a student’s honesty. The purpose of this paper is to review the extent of academic cheating and to describe any gender differences in self-reports. - pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=8&n=5

An Exploration of the External Validity of Self-Report amongst Arrestees - David Patton
Abstract: Self-report validation surveys in the USA focussing on arrestees’ self-reports unequivocally demonstrate that they do not validly report their recent drug consumption despite being a highly drug involved group. Like their American counterparts, English arrestees display very high levels of drug consumption. Data used from the NEW -ADAM programme (1998) is used to explore the extern al validity of arrestees’ self-reports to drug consumption in the 3 days prior to interview. Drug consumption in the UK has become a normalized activity among adolescents, young adults and ‘clubbers’. Arrestees and young offenders have recently been added to this list. Therefore the normalization of drug use provides an interesting context through which to view the present findings amongst arrestees. - surveillance-and-society.org/articles2(4)/arrestees.pdf 

A Review of Sex Differences in Sexual Jealousy, Including Self-Report Data, Psychophysiological Responses, Interpersonal Violence, and Morbid Jealousy
Christine R. Harris, Center for Brain & Cognition, University of California, San Diego
Personality and Social Psychology Review 2003, Vol. 7, No. 2, Pages 102-128
Abstract: The specific innate modular theory of jealousy hypothesizes that natural selection shaped sexual jealousy as a mechanism to prevent cuckoldry, and emotional jealousy as a mechanism to prevent resource loss. Therefore, men should be primarily jealous over a mate's sexual infidelity and women over a mate's emotional infidelity. Five lines of evidence have been offered as support: self-report responses, psychophysiological data, domestic violence (including spousal abuse and homicide), and morbid jealousy cases. This article reviews each line of evidence and finds only one hypothetical measure consistent with the hypothesis. This, however, is contradicted by a variety of other measures (including reported reactions to real infidelity). A meta-analysis of jealousy-inspired homicides, taking into account base rates for murder, found no evidence that jealousy disproportionately motivates men to kill. The findings are discussed from a social-cognitive theoretical perspective. - leaonline.com

Enhancing the Validity of Self-Reported Alcohol and Marijuana Consumption Using a Bogus Pipeline Procedure: A Meta-Analytic Review
Herman Aguinis, Charles A. Pierce, Brian M. Quigley - Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1995, Vol. 16, No. 4, Pages 515-527
Abstract: Two separate meta-analyses were conducted to test whether the use of self-report measures within the bogus pipeline (BPL) paradigm yields more valid responses than the use of self-report measures alone for assessing alcohol and marijuana consumption. Weighted mean effect sizes (ds) of 0.01 and -0.12 were obtained for studies using alcohol and marijuana self-reports, respectively. Chi-square tests based on Ns of 1,892 for the alcohol sample and 1,425 for the marijuana sample indicated homogeneity of effect sizes for both databases. Explanations for why a BPL procedure does not improve the validity of self-reported alcohol and marijuana consumption are provided. In addition, alternative methods that may enhance the validity of alcohol and marijuana self-reports are discussed. - leaonline.com

Discrepancies Between Self-Reported and Official Measures of Delinquency - Leroy C. Gould, American Sociological Review, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Jun., 1981), pp. 367-368

Self-report study as a method for measuring crime

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