STATE CAPITALISM

State capitalism is a term proposed by critical sociologists and social theorists to describe the political and economic structure of Soviet-style communist systems.

The core idea is that state ownership of the means of production, as in Russia and other previously communist regimes, did not lead to any emancipation of the workers but merely substituted bureaucratic domination by the state and state officials for that of owners of capital.

The territorial politics of regulation under state capitalism: Regional parties and the politics of local economic development in South Korea
Author: Park, Bae-Gyoon, Department of Geography Education, Seoul National University.
Source: Space and Polity, Volume 9, Number 3, Number 3/December 2005, pp. 237-259(23)
Abstract: This paper examines the relations between the conditions for, and the diverse forms of, local development politics. It does this by addressing a specific form of local development politics encountered in South Korea: a politics of regionalism. This is conceptualised in two stages. At an abstract level, the paper theorises the politics of local economic development in terms of the territorialisation of regulatory processes. On this basis, conceptual links are provided between the conditions for, and the forms of, local development politics by focusing on how the nature of party politics can influence the ways in which the politics of regulation is territorially constructed. Empirically, this paper explores the social and institutional conditions that have facilitated the penetration of regionalist party politics into the politics of local economic development in South Korea. More specifically, it examines the political processes, through which: local economic development initiatives, organised by local actors in Daegu (a central city in south-eastern Korea), brought about tensions with local actors in Busan (another big city in the south-east) around central government policies; and, the interlocal tension between Daegu and Busan became intertwined with a territorialised party politics and conditioned the rise of political regionalism in Daegu in the mid 1990s. - ingentaconnect.com

Raya Dunayevskaya, 1910 to 1987, Marxist Economist and Philosopher
Kevin Anderson, Department of Sociology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115.
Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 20, No. 1, 62-74 (1988) DOI: 10.1177/048661348802000104 © 1988 Union for Radical Political Economics
Raya Dunayevskaya's theory of state capitalism, first developed in the 1940s as an analysis of Stalin's Russia, is here related to her subsequent work (1953-87) on Hegel, on Marxist humanism and on Marxism and feminism. Her concept of Hegel's "absolute negativity as new beginning" is connected to her voluminous writings on Marx's major works: 1844 Essays, Grundrisse, Capital, Ethnological Notebooks. Contrasts and comparisons are drawn to the writings of others on these issues including Lange, James, Marcuse, Geras, Markovic, Rosdolsky, Krader and Shanin. - rrp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/20/1/62

Brazilian privatization in international perspective: the rocky path from state capitalism to regulatory capitalism
A Goldstein
OECD Development Centre, 94 rue Chardon Lagache, 75016 Paris, France. E-mail: andrea.goldstein@oecd.org
Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 8, Number 4, pp. 673-711 © 1999 Oxford University Press
Abstract: This paper describes the history, size and scope of the public enterprise sector in Brazil, using a variety of indicators and drawing from different interpretative sources. It shows that at least until the 1970s, state-owned enterprises contributed to the industrialization process and to fiscal results. The paper sets out the political and institutional framework in which privatizations are implemented, compares its main features with those prevailing in some other countries, and provides an updated account of state sell-offs. The consequences of privatization in terms of corporate governance are analyzed. In Brazil, the private sector has been negatively affected by the post-1991 opening of the economy, which has also coincided with generational transition in most family-owned groups. Domestic financial institutions have partly filled the void left after the state retrenchment, but the parallel strengthening of market mechanisms in the allocation of financial resources has trailed behind, posing major policy issues. - icc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/8/4/673

The Andean Pact and State Capitalism in Colombia
Raúl A. Fernández, José F. Ocampo
Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 2, No. 3, 19-35 (1975) DOI: 10.1177/0094582X7500200303 © 1975 Latin American Perspectives, Inc.
Abstract: This section addresses the nature of two current programs, put forward by their sponsors as "answers" to the problems of industrialization in Latin America. Raúl Fernández, Associate Professor in the Program in Comparative Culture at the University of California, Irvine, with José F. Ocampo, present an analysis of the programs of "regional integration." Using the Andean Pact as a specific instance, or case study, Fernández and Ocampo argue that regional integration is a tool of imperialist domination, and they demonstrate the relationship between imperialist regional integration and the development of state capitalism in Colombia.
Rosemary Galli, who teaches at Johnston College of Redlands University, presents an evaluation of another mechanism of imperialist "development" planning. Basing her study upon her own first hand experience with the United Nations Development System, Professor Galli's case study of the UNDS in Colombia shows the machinery of international development planning and its weaknesses. She concludes with a compelling case for the importance of national leadership in such planning. - lap.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/19

Has Brazil Moved Toward State Capitalism?
Jonathan Fox
Latin American Perspectives, Vol. 7, No. 1, 64-86 (1980) DOI: 10.1177/0094582X8000700105 © 1980 Latin American Perspectives, Inc.
SOME HISTORY OF STATE ACCUMULATION ... - lap.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/7/1/64.pdf

Russia in 2000-2004: Heading towards State Capitalism?
À. Radygin.
Abstract: The paper deals with one of the characteristic trends of the 2000s, that is, the government's property expansion. It is accompanied by attempts to consolidate economic structures controlled by the state and state-owned stock packages and unitary enterprises under the aegis of holdings. Besides the government practices selective severe enforcement actions against a number of the largest private companies, strengthens its control over companies with mixed capital and establishes certain informal procedures of relationships between private business and the state. The author examines the YUKOS case and the business community's actual capacity to protect its interests. One can argue that in all likelihood the trend to the 'state capitalism' in its specific Russian variant has become clearer over 2003-2004. - ideas.repec.org/a/nos/voprec/2004-4-3.html

America's Contribution of "State Capitalism"
Black, Wilfred W.
Source: Social Studies, 64, 6, 266-270, Nov 73
Abstract: America's economic system is re-examined in the light of cataclysmic changes which have occurred since 1932. Features of the New Deal and Fair Deal are highlighted. - eric.ed.gov

Emerging Varieties of Capitalism in Former State Socialist Societies
Author: Lane, David
Source: Competition and Change, Volume 9, Number 3, September 2005, pp. 227-247(21)
Abstract: The transformation of the former state socialist societies involved the introduction of capitalism from above. The current 'varieties of capitalism' debate focuses on developed high income capitalist countries, whereas the former state socialist countries come from a low economic base and are in the process of capitalist formation. It is contended that, while levels of capital accumulation are very low, a modern capitalist system of the continental type characterises one group of central European societies. This group approaches the levels of OECD countries with respect to marketisation and has a positive participation in the global economy. A second, relatively poor and weakly coordinated, cluster has the characteristics of low income, primary sector exporting countries, with a very low integration into the global economy. This group is characterised as a hybrid state/market uncoordinated type of market capitalism. A third, relatively coherent, cluster has high levels of state control, relatively little privatisation and an undeveloped market. - ingentaconnect.com

Lenin as Scientific Manager Under Monopoly Capitalism, State Capitalism, and Socialism: A Response to Scoville
VICTOR G. DEVINATZ, Illinois State University - College of Business
Industrial Relations, Vol. 42, pp. 513-520, July 2003
Abstract: I argue that Lenin's views on scientific management did not shift as drastically as Scoville (2001) claims from 1913 to 1918. The seeds of Lenin's 1918 views on Taylorism actually were contained in an article he wrote in 1914, three years before the October Revolution. In addition, I argue that Lenin did not uncritically embrace the implementation of scientific management in the construction of socialism in the Soviet Republic, as argued by Scoville. I present evidence that Lenin viewed Taylorism as only a temporary measure to be used in the transitory stage of state capitalism that he believed characterized the Soviet Republic in 1918. Finally, because Scoville does not differentiate between the transitory stage of state capitalism and socialism in the Soviet Republic's early years, he states that Lenin advocated the use of scientific management under socialism. I argue that there is insufficient evidence to support this position. - papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=416154

E.S. Varga and the Theory of State Monopoly Capitalism
Charlene Gannage, Sociology Department University of Toronto Toronto Ontario
Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol. 12, No. 3, 36-49 (1980) DOI: 10.1177/048661348001200304 © 1980 Union for Radical Political Economics
Abstract: This paper traces the development of the theory of state monopoly capitalism as presented by the Soviet political economist, E.S. Varga. Early theories of state capitalism that found expression within the Third International, especially in the work of Lenin and Bukharin, provide the context for under standing Varga's views of the capitalist state during the 1930s. A discussion of Varga's positions demonstrates the correspondence of his work with that of crit ics of Soviet orthodoxy, notably Trotsky and Poulantzas. Following the Moscow debate of 1947 Varga fell out of official favor and he was not rehabilitated until 1953. His analysis of the capitalist state continued to evolve resulting in the theory of state monopoly capitalism. This paper takes account of these transfor mations and considers critical observations made by contemporary Marxist writ ers. - rrp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/12/3/36

Tsushima's Theory of State Capitalism
- The Limits of Wishful Theories of "Socialism"
Written by Hiroyoshi Hayashi (1992). Translated by Roy West - homepage3.nifty.com/mcg/english/e-theory/sc/tsushima1.html
Inroduction extract: Tsushima Tadayuki's theory of state capitalism has special significance in Japan as a groundbreaking criticism of Soviet "socialism". This important historical significance lies not only in the condemnation of the Soviet Union for "not being socialism", but in firmly insisting on its bourgeois character and proclaiming a theory of state capitalism. In this sense, he was the first "leftwing" theorist in Japan to attempt to break through the internal limitations of Trotskyism, and his standpoint is directly connected to the position of the Socialist Workers Party (Japan) [Sharoto].
Nevertheless, his perspective was fundamentally unable to overcome the horizon of Trotskyism, and remained limited by it. Here we will clarify the limitations within Tsushima's theory and its "errors" (in the sense of their inevitability, rather than as something random), but this certainly does not deny the historical significance of Tsushima's theory. There is simply no comparison between his theory and the "USSR theory" of JCP leaders such as Miyamoto Kenji and Fuwa Tetsuzo in terms of its rich and serious content. Here we will examine Tsushima's criticism of the Stalinist theory of "distribution according to the quantity and quality of labor" in connection to his examination of "labor certificates"; followed by a consideration of the essential contradictions of Soviet state capitalism. Finally, we will look overall at Tsushima's theory. The quotations here are all taken from Tsushima's Soren shakaishugi no hihan [A Criticism of Soviet "Socialism"] (Tokyo: Rironsha, 1959).
Tsushima is opposed to the Stalinists' distribution according to the "quantity and quality of labor" since it is in opposition to Marxism. He emphasizes that socialism is a principally equal society. Moreover, he believes without doubt that the Stalinists are the bearers of state capitalism and thus an exploiting class.

Socialism: Stalinist or Scientific
The Marxist Theory of State capitalism
Written by Hiroyoshi Hayashi & Kennichi Suzuki. Translated by Roy West - homepage3.nifty.com/mcg/english/e-books/books1.html
1. Forerunner of Socialist Revolution (Sixty Years after the Russian Revolution) Hayashi Hiroyoshi / 3
2. Revolution in Russia and China (The Significance of State Capitalism) Suzuki Kennichi / 27
3. Trotsky's Theory of Permanent Revolution (A Marxist Expression of Romanticism) Hayashi Hiroyoshi / 49
PART TWO:
The System of State Capitalism
4. The Starting Point of the Theory of State Capitalism, Hayashi Hiroyoshi / 75
5. The Fundamental Concept of State Capitalism (Relations of Production and Internal Contradictions) Suzuki Kennichi / 86
6. The Stalinist System, (Internal "Evolution" Towards "Liberalization") Hayashi Hiroyoshi / 106
PART THREE:
Abstract Theories of State Capitalism
7. Tony Cliff's "Bureaucratic State Capitalism", (State Capitalism Without the Concept of Capital) Suzuki Kennichi / 179
8. Tsushima' Theory of "State Capitalism" (The Limits of Wishful Theories of "Socialism") Hayashi Hiroyoshi / 200
PART FOUR:
Stalinist and Trotskyist Apologists for State Capitalism
9. JCP "Theories" of Socialism (From the Denial of Historical Materialism to Agnosticism) Suzuki Kennichi / 245
10. Sentimentality is Not Historical Science (A Reply to the Trotskyist Koyama) Hayashi Hiroyoshi / 266
11. Kuroda Kanichi's Theory of the Soviet Union (Obscurantist Development of Trotsky's Theory) Suzuki Kennichi / 277
12. State Capitalism or "Transitional" Society? (Ebara's Criticism of Marxist Workers League) Hayashi Hiroyoshi / 288

The Marxist-Humanist theory of state-capitalism: Selected writings, Dunayevskaya, Raya, Chicago: News and Letters, 1992, pages xxvi, 168.
Seventeen papers, some published for the first time, by Raya Dunayevskaya, the founder of Marxist-Humanism in the mid-1950s. Part one consists of "Not by Practice Alone: The Movement from Theory," a tract on the journey from state-capitalist theory to Marxist-Humanism. Papers in part two focus on the origin and development of state-capitalist theory. Part three elaborates on state-capitalist theory within Marxist-Humanism.

State capitalism and working-class radicalism in the French aircraft industry, Chapman, Herrick, Berkeley and Oxford: University of California Press, 1991, pages xvii, 412.
Explores how workers, employees, and state officials transformed industrial relations in the French aircraft industry between 1930 and 1950. Discusses how employers and labor militants competed for the loyalty of the workers in technologically advanced sectors; how war and political upheavel affected how people defined and defended their own interests; and how state intervention forced workers and employers to reshape their views, organizations, and strategies. Reviews the decline of private enterprise from 1928 to 1936; the embattled position of the French aircraft industry from 1936 to 1938; the effects of rearmament, repression, and war between 1938 and 1940; and the pattern of conflict in the French aircraft industry between 1940 and 1950. Originated as the author's doctoral dissertation at the University of California, Berkeley. Chapman is Assistant Professor of History at Carnegie Mellon University.

State capitalism: Public enterprise in Canada, Laux, Jeanne Kirk; Molot, Maureen Appel, Studies in Political Economy series, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1988, pages ix, 250.
Examines the origins of commercial state enterprises, the limits to their use as instruments of public policy, and the adaptation of the state for economic growth. Considers why the state should invest in profitable, competitive sectors, examining the European experience. Discusses how Canada fits into the pattern of emergent state capitalism and the status of state capitalism in contemporary Canada. Discusses the limits to state capitalism, analyzing five case studies to determine whether governments in Canada have been able to use state enterprises as instruments of public policy. Considers alternatives to state capitalism and reviews the possibility of joint ventures. Concludes that in Canada, and in almost all European countries except England, privatization programs serve not to dismantle but to rationalize the public sector and that state-owned enterprises and state equity investments remain acceptable vehicles for policy regardless of political ideology. Laux is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Ottowa. Molot is Associate Professor of Political Science at Carleton University, Ottawa.

Third World Indebted Industrialization: International Finance and State Capitalism in Mexico, Brazil, Algeria, and South Korea, Frieden, Jeff, Becker, David G., et al. Postimperialism: International capitalism and development in the late twentieth century. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1987, pages 131-59. Previously published: [1981].

State capitalism: The wages system under new management, Buick, Adam; Crump, John, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986, pages ix, 165.
Argues that capitalism is a worldwide system of commodity production based on wage labor and that the level of production throughout the world is determined by the need of productive enterprises to compete on the world market. Contends that it is impossible for capitalism and socialism to coexist. The substitution of state ownership for private ownership does not mean the abolishment of capitalism, but only that part of the capital has been incarnated by the state; therefore, even Russia and China are state capitalist rather than socialist countries. Examines state capitalism in its Western form of selective nationalization, particularly in Britain. Traces the origins of Russian state capitalism to the 1917 revolution and to the ideology of Vladimir Lenin. Presents an alternative to capitalism--a classless world society without exchange, where all goods and services would be produced for use only and would be distributed free directly to the people so that each person's needs are fully satisfied, with capital and land belonging to the people. Buick is a civil servant with the Commission of European Communities in Luxemburg. Crump is Lecturer in Politics at the University of York.

The Role of the State in the System of State Monopoly Capitalism, Sorvina, G. N., Smirnov, A. D., ed.; Golosov, V. V., ed.; Maximova, V. F., ed. The Teaching of Political Economy: A Critique of Non Marxian Theories. Translated by, H. Campbell Creighton. English translation of revised Russian text. Guides to the Social Sciences series. Moscow Progress; distributed in the U.S. by Imported Publications Chicago, 1984.

French Developments in the Theory of State Monopoly Capitalism, Fairley, John, Science and Society; 44(3), Fall 1980, pages 305-25.

James, C.L.R. (1998). “The USSR is a Fascist State Capitalism.” The Fate of the Russian Revolution; Lost Texts of Critical Marxism, Vol. I. (Sean Matgamna, ed.) Pp. 319--324. London: Phoenix Press.

The Theory of State Capitalism
From: State Capitalism vs. Libertarian Socialism
by Wayne Price - NEFAC - anarkismo.net/newswire.php?story_id=3304
From the beginning of the Soviet Union, anarchists accused the Bolsheviks of creating state capitalism. But it was Marxists who developed state capitalism as a theory to apply to the Soviet Union and similar states. This included the work of the anti-statist, anti-Leninist, Council Communists (Mattick, 1969). Most of the theorists of state capitalism were dissident Trotskyists. They rejected Trotsky’s belief that Stalinist Russia remained a “workers’ state” so long as it kept nationalized property. These included the “Johnson-Forest Tendency” of C.L.R. James (1998) and Raya Dunayevskaya (2000); Tony Cliff (1970), a theorist of the British Socialist Workers Party and the U.S. International Socialist Organization; and Cornelius Castoriadis (1988) of the Socialisme ou Barbarie group in France. In the U.S.A., the Revolutionary Socialist League, of which I was a member, evolved from dissident Trotskyism to anarchism, meanwhile developing a theory of state capitalism (Hobson & Tabor, 1988). So did a split-off from us which wished to remain Trotskyist (Walter Daum, 1990).

State Capitalism In Russia, Tony Cliff, and Pluto Press 1974.

State-Capitalism and Marx’s Humanism or Philosophy and Revolution by Raya Dunayevskaya, News & Letters Detroit 1967.
Marxism and Freedom from 1776 until Today, by Raya Dunayevskaya, Humanity Books 2000.

Nationalism. Communism, Marxist Humanism and the Afro-Asian Revolutions, Raya Dunayevskaya 1960.

The Marxist-Humanist Theory of State-Capitalism.

State Capitalism in Russia Tony Cliff, Pluto 1974. See page 218-232 – Within the Russian economy he writes the “law of value, as the motor force and regulator of production, is not to be found in it.”

A New Revision in Marxian Economics, Marxist Humanist Theory of State Capitalism.

State Capitalism and Marxism, by Raya Dunayevskaya The Marxist-Humanist Theory of State-Capitalism.

State-Capitalism and Marx’s Humanism or Philosophy and Revolution by Raya Dunayevskaya, News & Letters Detroit 1967.

Andropovs Ascendancy Reflects The Final Stage of State-Capitalisms Degeneracy, by Raya Dunayevskaya The Marxist-Humanist Theory of State-Capitalism.

Intellectuals in The Age of State-Capitalism, Raya Dunayevskaya 1961, in The Marxist-Humanist Theory of State-Capitalism.

Nationalism. Communism, Marxist Humanism and the Afro-Asian Revolutions, Raya Dunayevskaya 1960.

The theory of State-Capitalism from the vantage point of post-‘communist’ global capitalism
By Chris Ford
workersliberty.org/node/5220
The theory of state-capitalism as developed amongst the Third Camp socialists, primarily in the Workers Party in the USA by Raya Dunayevskaya and CLR James; was in response to a situation very different from our “post-communist” era. Stalinism a new form of Russian Imperialism reigned supreme in the USSR, and was consolidating its grip over Eastern Europe. A mass “Communist” movement stood loyal to Moscow, and the identification of socialism with the USSR permeated wide layers of the labour movements. So changed is our world of global capitalism that some now argued that to address these questions is self-indulgent and they are of purely of historical value. This is not the case. Such is the living legacy of Stalinism that far from distance in time diminishing the importance of these questions they have immense implications for the struggle for workers liberty today and our efforts to conceptualise a socialist alternative to global capitalism.