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TOKEN ECONOMY

Sociologyindex, Sociology Books 2011

Token economy in psychiatry is the principle or practice of rewarding desirable behaviour with tokens which can be exchanged for goods or privileges, and sometimes punishing undesirable behaviour by withholding or withdrawing such tokens.

A behaviour therapy procedure based on operant learning principles; individuals are rewarded (reinforced) for positive or appropriate behaviour and are disciplined (punished) for negative or inappropriate behaviour.

Living in the Classroom: The Currency-Based Token Economy.
Payne, James S.; And Others
Abstract: Various types of token economies and contingency contract systems are emerging throughout private and public educational programs. The basic idea of this book is that a token economy based on currency creates a real-life situation for children in the classroom. The goal of this book is to help the teacher establish a currency-based token economy that will make education in the classroom more relevant to the lives of children in today's society. It is intended to be a resource for methods courses for elementary, secondary, and special education teachers as well as supplementary reading for introductory courses in education and behavior modification.

Chapter 1 justifies the use of a currency-based token economy in the classroom. This is followed by a chapter explaining the mechanics of such a system in the classroom.

Chapter 3 explains how to identify and acquire reinforcers that the students can purchase with currency at a minimum cost to the teacher. The next chapter outlines basic information that is needed to implement any token economy for people who are unfamiliar with the concept.

Chapter 5 describes in detail the skills needed to operate a currency-based token economy in the classroom, while the next chapter outlines the procedures for setting up and stocking the store and discusses the various responsibilities associated with it. The next two chapters offer suggestions for setting up a bank and cover the psychological effects of implementing such a system. An appendix lists books that were used in this project.

Effects of a token economy system within the context of cooperative games on social behaviors of adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders.
Wolfe, B. D., Dattilo, J., Gast, D. L.
Therapeutic Recreation Journal, Publisher: National Recreation and Park Association
Abstract: Effects of a cooperative games and token economy programme on pro-social (statements of encouragement, statements of praise, statements of appreciation, hand shakes, or high fives) and antisocial behaviours (swearing, threatening physical harm, calling peers names, hitting or pushing) of 3 adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders from northeast Georgia, USA. With the introduction of cooperative games, behaviours remained stable and unchanged. When a token economy system was introduced there was an immediate increase in the number of pro-social behaviours. Results for pro-social behaviours were replicated across conditions. Antisocial behaviours remained virtually non-existent throughout the study. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.

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